| 使用 CDS 优化启动时间-28资讯网——每日最新资讯28at.com - 天津谷骐科技有限公司
类数据共享 (CDS) 是一项 JVM 功能,可帮助减少 Java 应用程序的启动时间和内存占用。从 JDK 12 开始,默认的 CDS 归档文件与 Oracle JDK 二进制文件一起预打包。笔者测试使用的 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Zulu21.34+19-CA (build 21.0.3+9-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)它也是支持 CDS 的。
要使用它,您应该首先以分解形式对应用程序执行训练运行:
$ java -Djarmode=tools -jar my-app.jar extract --destination application$ cd application$ java -XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit=application.jsa -Dspring.context.exit=onRefresh -jar my-app.jar
这将创建一个 application 目录并生成 application.jsa,只要应用程序未更新,就可以重复使用。
要使用缓存,您需要在启动应用程序时添加一个额外的 -XX:SharedArchiveFile 参数:
$ java -XX:SharedArchiveFile=application.jsa -jar my-app.jar
为了测试 CDS,笔者使用 Spring Boot initializr 生成了一个 demo 项目。下面是 CDS 训练后的 application 目录的结构:
$ tree applicationapplication|-- application.jsa|-- demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar`-- lib |-- jackson-annotations-2.17.1.jar |-- jackson-core-2.17.1.jar |-- jackson-databind-2.17.1.jar |-- jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.17.1.jar |-- jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.17.1.jar |-- jackson-module-parameter-names-2.17.1.jar |-- jakarta.annotation-api-2.1.1.jar |-- jul-to-slf4j-2.0.13.jar |-- log4j-api-2.23.1.jar |-- log4j-to-slf4j-2.23.1.jar |-- logback-classic-1.5.6.jar |-- logback-core-1.5.6.jar |-- micrometer-commons-1.13.0.jar |-- micrometer-observation-1.13.0.jar |-- slf4j-api-2.0.13.jar |-- snakeyaml-2.2.jar |-- spring-aop-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-beans-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-boot-3.3.0.jar |-- spring-boot-autoconfigure-3.3.0.jar |-- spring-boot-jarmode-tools-3.3.0.jar |-- spring-context-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-core-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-expression-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-jcl-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-web-6.1.8.jar |-- spring-webmvc-6.1.8.jar |-- tomcat-embed-core-10.1.24.jar |-- tomcat-embed-el-10.1.24.jar `-- tomcat-embed-websocket-10.1.24.jar1 directory, 32 files
$ java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar . ____ _ __ _ _ /// / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ / / / /( ( )/___ | '_ | '_| | '_ // _` | / / / / /// ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_/__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v3.3.0)2024-05-31T08:53:39.964+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 21.0.3 with PID 14832 (D:/test/demo/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by L.cm in D:/test/demo/target)2024-05-31T08:53:39.967+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"2024-05-31T08:53:40.893+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port 8888 (http)2024-05-31T08:53:40.908+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]2024-05-31T08:53:40.908+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.24]2024-05-31T08:53:40.948+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2024-05-31T08:53:40.949+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 921 ms2024-05-31T08:53:41.257+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port 8888 (http) with context path '/'2024-05-31T08:53:41.274+08:00 INFO 14832 --- [demo] [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.702 seconds (process running for 2.143)
我们可以在日志 Started DemoApplication in 1.702 seconds 看到启动耗时为 1.702 秒。
需要先 cd 到训练的 application 目录。
$ java -XX:SharedArchiveFile=application.jsa -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar . ____ _ __ _ _ /// / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ / / / /( ( )/___ | '_ | '_| | '_ // _` | / / / / /// ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_/__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v3.3.0)2024-05-31T08:53:15.828+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 21.0.3 with PID 21444 (D:/test/demo/target/application/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by L.cm in D:/test/demo/target/application)2024-05-31T08:53:15.830+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"2024-05-31T08:53:16.244+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port 8888 (http)2024-05-31T08:53:16.249+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]2024-05-31T08:53:16.249+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.24]2024-05-31T08:53:16.272+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2024-05-31T08:53:16.273+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 419 ms2024-05-31T08:53:16.425+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port 8888 (http) with context path '/'2024-05-31T08:53:16.431+08:00 INFO 21444 --- [demo] [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 0.722 seconds (process running for 0.885)
我们可以在日志 Started DemoApplication in 0.722 seconds 看到启动耗时比直接启动少了将近 1 秒。效果还是非常明显的。
CDS、CRaC 和 GraalVM,这三种技术都有助于提高Java程序的启动速度,但它们的应用场景和优化方式有所不同。CDS 通过共享类数据来加速启动,CRaC 通过运行时优化来提升性能,而 GraalVM 则通过 AOT 编译来实现快速启动和高效运行。作为开发者,我们可以根据具体需求选择合适的技术来优化 Java 程序的启动时间。
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